The Baptismal Formula: Difference between revisions

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    ==Why did the baptismal forumula change?==
    ==Why did the baptismal forumula change?==
    There are not then either three Fathers, or three Sons, or three Paracletes, but one Father, and one Son, and one Paraclete. Wherefore also the Lord, when He sent forth the apostles to make disciples of all nations, commanded them to “baptize in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,”21 not unto one [person] having three names, nor into three [persons] who became incarnate, but into three possessed of equal honour.<ref>Pseudo-Ignatius of Antioch, “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Philippians,” in The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe, vol. 1, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 116.</ref>


    =The Historical Record of the Church=
    =The Historical Record of the Church=

    Revision as of 20:46, 3 November 2021

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    The Question

    We have received a number of questions that specifically relate to the baptismal forumula (the words said over the person being baptized). Here is an amalgam of some of the questions we have received:

    No one was ever baptized by the Apostles in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. If it was permissible then surely there would be some record in scripture that baptism could or should be in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. But this does not exist.
    If I am not wrong, Apostle John died in 100 AD and first evidence of baptism in the in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit was that of Justin Martyr who was also born in 100 AD.
    By that time the Church started to drift away from the original teaching of the Apostles. Polycarp the direct disciple of John the Baptist fought against it tooth and nail. The feast of Passover was changed to the festival of Good Friday and Easter. Polycarp opposed it and finally was killed.
    Change in the mode of the formula to Christian Baptism is seen right after the death of the Apostles and many changes in the faith and teaching of the Apostles were also made during that period. And that is how the baptism in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit was introduced in the Church.
    Show me at least one Scripture where the Apostles have baptized the believers in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. There is none. And hence it can not be a part of our teaching and faith.
    The name of Jesus is given to us, as the meaning of this word is “Jehovah is My Salvation.’ Words as Father, Son and Holy Spirit does not mean that, “Jehovah is My Salvation.’ And hence you have to take the name of Jesus while baptizing a person. Now there are many persons in the Bible who had name Jesus but there is only one Jesus who is Lord and Christ that is our Lord Jesus Christ and hence you must add Christ or Lord to the name of Jesus. That is why Apostle Paul said in Colossians 3:17 - 'And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him.'

    This article attempts to answer this question.

    The Scriptural Witness

    Matthew 28:18-20

    And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. "Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.”[1]

    Acts 2:38

    Peter said to them, “Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.[2]

    Acts 8:14-16

    Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent them Peter and John, who came down and prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit. For He had not yet fallen upon any of them; they had simply been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.[3]

    Acts 10:48

    And he ordered them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay on for a few days.[4]

    Acts 19:5

    On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.[5]

    Romans 6:3

    Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death?[6]

    What does the scriptural witness tell us?

    What is clear from the scriptural references is that there was no "magic formula" for water baptism. There are no exact words that are required to be spoken. There is certainly no requirement that when a person is baptized, the words must be spoken... "I baptize you in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ."

    When did the baptismal formula change?

    Why did the baptismal forumula change?

    There are not then either three Fathers, or three Sons, or three Paracletes, but one Father, and one Son, and one Paraclete. Wherefore also the Lord, when He sent forth the apostles to make disciples of all nations, commanded them to “baptize in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,”21 not unto one [person] having three names, nor into three [persons] who became incarnate, but into three possessed of equal honour.[7]

    The Historical Record of the Church

    There is pronounced over him who chooses to be born again, and has repented of his sins, the name of God the Father and Lord of the universe; he who leads to the laver the person that is to be washed, calling him by his name alone. For no one can utter the name of the ineffable God; and if any one dare to say that there is a name, he raves with a hopeless madness. And this washing is called illumination, because they who learn these things are illuminated in their understandings. And in the name of Jesus Christ, who was crucified under Pontius Pilate, and in the name of the Holy Ghost, who through the prophets foretold all things about Jesus, he who is illuminated is washed.”[8]


    JUSTIN, the Martyr, having spoken of the preparations of the applicants for baptism, adds: “they are then conducted by us to a place where there is water, and they are regenerated, after the same mode of regeneration, wherein we ourselves were regenerated, for they then are washed in the water, in the name of the Father and Lord God of all, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Ghost.[9]


    Then they are brought by us where there is water, and are regenerated in the same manner in which we were ourselves regenerated. For, in the name of God, the Father and Lord of the universe, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, they then receive the washing with water.[10]

    Since, therefore, from the preaching and testimony of Christ Himself, the Father who sent must be first known, then afterwards Christ, who was sent, and there cannot be a hope of salvation except by knowing the two together; how, when God the Father is not known, nay, is even blasphemed, can they who among the heretics are said to be baptized in the name of Christ, be judged to have obtained the remission of sins?[11]


    Footnotes

    1. ↑ New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995), Mt 28:18–20.
    2. ↑ New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995), Ac 2:38.
    3. ↑ New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995), Ac 8:14–16.
    4. ↑ New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995), Ac 10:48.
    5. ↑ The New International Version (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2011), Ac 19:5.
    6. ↑ New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995), Ro 6:3.
    7. ↑ Pseudo-Ignatius of Antioch, “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Philippians,” in The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe, vol. 1, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 116.
    8. ↑ Wri. of Justin, pp. 59, 60. Clark’s Edi. as quoted in R. Ingham, A Handbook of Christian Baptism: Subjects, vol. II (London: E. Stock, 1871), 429.R. Ingham, A Handbook of Christian Baptism: Subjects, vol. II (London: E. Stock, 1871), 429.
    9. ↑ Basil of Caesarea, A Treatise on Baptism and A Treatise on Confirmation, trans. Francis Patrick Kenrick (Philadelphia: M. Fithian, 1843), 107.
    10. ↑ Justin Martyr, “The First Apology of Justin,” in The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe, vol. 1, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 183.
    11. ↑ Cyprian of Carthage, “The Epistles of Cyprian,” in Fathers of the Third Century: Hippolytus, Cyprian, Novatian, Appendix, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe, trans. Robert Ernest Wallis, vol. 5, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1886), 383.


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