View source for A Defense of the Doctrine of the Trinity

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The Oneness or the “Jesus Only” doctrine which most message believers follow is a denial of the distinction between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. It accepts the truth that there is only one true God, and that the Father, Son, and Spirit are fully God, but it denies that the Bible differentiates between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.  Instead, advocates of this position either believe that the Father is the Son, and the Son is the Spirit, and the Spirit is the Father (the old actor on the stage example, wearing different masks to “play” different parts, but always being the same person), or they make the Son merely the “human nature” of Christ (hence denying His eternal nature). Jesus then becomes two “persons,” the Father and the Son, the Father being the deity, the Son the human nature.

Scripture leaves no room for confusing the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.  As John taught:

:''No one who denies the Son has the Father. Whoever confesses the Son has the Father also.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), 1 Jn 2:23.</ref>
This passage not only clearly differentiates between the Father and the Son, but it warns us how important God considers the truth about His nature.

=Father, Son, and Holy Spirit=

The scriptural truth that the Father is not the Son, nor the Son the Spirit, is rather easily demonstrated. We begin with the fact that the Father loves the Son and the Son loves the Father — actions incomprehensible outside of recognizing that the Father is a separate divine person from the Son... unless you see as the Father hugging himself:

:''The Father loves the Son and has given all things into his hand.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 3:35.<\ref>

:''For the Father loves the Son and shows him all that he himself is doing. And greater works than these will he show him, so that you may marvel.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 5:20.</ref>

Just as the Father loves the Son, so the Son loves His disciples. The disciples are separate persons from the Son; hence, the Father is a separate person from the Son as well:

:''As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Abide in my love.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 15:9.</ref>

:'' I in them and you in me, that they may become perfectly one, so that the world may know that you sent me and loved them even as you loved me. 24 Father, I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory that you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 17:23–24.</ref>

Certainly the best known example of the existence of three persons is the baptism of Jesus recorded in Matthew 3:16–17:

:''And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him; 17 and behold, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.”<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mt 3:16–17.</ref>

Here the Father speaks from heaven, the Son is being baptized (and is again described as being the object of the Father’s love, paralleling the passages just cited from John), and the Spirit is descending as a dove. Jesus is not speaking to himself but is spoken to by the Father. There is no confusing of the persons at the baptism of the Lord Jesus.

The transfiguration of Jesus in Matthew 17:1–9 again demonstrates the separate personhood of the Father and the Son:

:''He was still speaking when, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him.”<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mt 17:5.</ref>

The Son’s true preexistent glory is unveiled for an instant in the presence of the Father in the cloud. Communication again takes place, marked with the familiar love of the Father for the Son. Both the deity and the separate personhood of the Son are clearly presented in this passage. The Father spoke to the Son at another time, recorded in John 12:28:

:''Father, glorify your name.” Then a voice came from heaven: “I have glorified it, and I will glorify it again.”<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 12:28.</ref>

Again, the distinction of the person of the Father and of the Son is clearly maintained. This is a conversation, not a monologue.

Some of the most obvious passages relevant to the Father and the Son are found in the prayers of Jesus Christ. These are not mock prayers—Jesus is not speaking to himself (nor, as the Oneness writer would put it, is Jesus’ humanity speaking to His deity) — He is clearly communicating with another person, that being the person of the Father. Transcendent heights are reached in the lengthiest prayer we have, that of John 17. No one can miss the fact of the communication of one person (the Son) with another (the Father) presented in this prayer. Note just a few examples of how the Son refers to the Father as a separate person:

:''When Jesus had spoken these words, he lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, “Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son that the Son may glorify you,  since you have given him authority over all flesh, to give eternal life to all whom you have given him. 3 And this is eternal life, that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 17:1–3.</ref>

The usage of personal pronouns and direct address puts the very language squarely on the side of maintaining the separate personhood of Father and Son. This is not to say that their unity is something that is a mere unity of purpose; indeed, given the background of the Old Testament, the very statements of the Son regarding His relationship with the Father are among the strongest assertions of His deity in the Bible.

Jesus’ words in Matthew 11:27 almost seem to be more at home in the gospel of John than in Matthew:

:''All things have been handed over to me by my Father, and no one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Mt 11:27.</ref>

Here the reciprocal relationship between the Father and Son is put forth with exactness, while at the same time dictating the absolute deity of both. Only God has the authority to “hand over all things,” and no mere creature could ever be the recipient of the control of “all things” either. Jesus “reveals” the Father to those He wills to do so. Obviously, two divine persons are in view here.

It is just as clear that the Lord Jesus Christ is never identified as the Father by the apostle Paul but is shown to be another person besides the Father. A large class of examples of this would be the greetings in the epistles of Paul. In Romans 1:7 we read:

:''Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Ro 1:7.</ref>

The same greeting is found in 1 Corinthians 1:3; 2 Corinthians 1:2; Galatians 1:3; Ephesians 1:2; and Philippians 1:2.

==Some misused scriptures==

There are only a few passages that can be appealed to in the attempt to confuse the persons of the Father and the Son. Most are found in the gospel of John where the full deity of Christ is so strongly emphasized. Yet that Gospel is tremendously clear in its witness to the existence of three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Spirit. One of the most often cited passages is from Jesus’ words in John 14:

:''Jesus said to him, “Have I been with you so long, and you still do not know me, Philip? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10 Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own authority, but the Father who dwells in me does his works.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 14:9–10.</ref>

Some insist that when Jesus says, “He who has seen Me has seen the Father,” this is the same as saying, “I am the Father.” But this ignores the very words that follow, where the Lord distinguishes himself from the Father by saying the Father abides in Him and does His (the Father’s) works through Him. The truth that Jesus teaches here, however, does support the full deity of Christ, for no mere creature could ever say, “He who has seen Me has seen the Father.” Jesus’ words here do not make Him the Father, but they do tell us that the unity that exists between Father and Son is far more than a mere unity of purpose or intention. The Son reveals the Father, or to use the words of John himself, “He has explained Him” (John 1:18).

The single most popular passage cited in defense of modalism, however, is one that is often cited in defense of the deity of Christ:

:''I and the Father are one.”<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 10:30.</ref>

In this context, the assertion would be that the Father and the Son are one person. Yet this is not what the passage says at all. In fact, the simple citation of the passage, without due regard to its context and meaning, neither proves the modalistic viewpoint nor the deity of Christ! Its witness to the truth about Christ comes from the context, which is most often ignored.

Literally, the passage reads, “I and the Father, we are one.” The verb translated “are” is plural in the Greek. Jesus is not saying, “I am the Father.” The distinction between the Son and the Father remains even in the verb He uses. And in context, He is making specific reference to the oneness He shares with the Father in the redemption of His sheep:

:''I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand. 29 My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father’s hand.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), Jn 10:28–29.</ref>

This is the context of Jesus’ statement, “I and the Father are one.” They are one in giving eternal life, they are one in protecting the sheep, they are one in the covenant of redemption. All this must be said simply to be honest with the passage. And once we see what Jesus is speaking about, we can understand how this passage does, in fact, teach the deity of Christ, for no creature could claim this kind of oneness in redemption with the Father. Eternal life is divine life, and Jesus gives it to His own. God’s people are in the Son’s hand and are likewise in the Father’s hand (cf. Colossians 3:3), and hence are safe and secure in their almighty grip. The Father has given a people to the Son and will not suffer any of them to be lost (see John 6:37–39). Here is the oneness that exists between the Father and the Son — a oneness in redemption. Yet since redemption is a divine act, here we have the testimony to the deity of Christ, for no apostle, no prophet, can be said to be “one” with the Father in saving believers in the way announced here. No mere creature can have this kind of perfect unity of purpose and action. No, Jesus Christ must be perfect deity to be able to say of himself in reference to redemption, “I and the Father are one.”

==JESUS CHRIST: ONE PERSON WITH TWO NATURES==

If Jesus Christ is truly God and truly man, we are tempted to begin asking all sorts of questions concerning just how the “God-man” could exist. Thankfully, the Scriptures safeguard this unique and special act of the Incarnation and do not bow to our inordinate desire to know things God has not chosen to reveal. Instead, we are only given certain guidelines, certain truths that help us to avoid wandering off into error. We can say that the early church was correct in coming to the conclusion (at the Council of Chalcedon in A.D. 451) that Jesus Christ is one person with two natures, divine and human. He is not two persons, nor are His natures somehow mixed together so that He is not truly divine or truly man. He is both, concurrently, because He has both natures.

As we noted above, the prayers of Christ are very important in recognizing the separate person of the Son from the Father. Jesus was not “talking to himself” in His prayers, but was talking to the Father. In the same way, the Scriptures do give us at least some indication of the unipersonality of the Son while at the same time revealing to us His two natures. I briefly note one passage that is often referred to at this point, from Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians:

:''None of the rulers of this age understood this, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.<ref>The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016), 1 Co 2:8.</ref>

This passage represents a group of Scriptures that instructs us to view Jesus as one person with two natures. How so? Because of the phrase “crucified the Lord of glory.” Obviously the “Lord of glory” has reference to the divine nature of Christ, yet Jesus was crucified as a man. Crucifixion is only meaningful with reference to his human nature (you cannot crucify the divine nature). When Paul speaks of the crucifixion of the Lord of glory, he is speaking of Christ as one person with two natures. The one action of crucifixion is predicated of one person though that person had two natures, divine and human.

Just as it is with the Trinity, so it is with the one act of revelation, wherein the Trinity is the most clearly revealed, the Incarnation of Christ: both present to us unique truths about God that defy our creaturely categorization. Just as we cannot present any one analogy that “grasps” the Trinity (due to the absolutely unique way in which God exists), so, too, the Incarnation defies our attempts to wrap our limited minds around all it means. God only became incarnate once in the Son; therefore, there is nothing else in the created order to which we can compare either the Incarnation or the resultant God-Man, Jesus Christ. Instead of fretting over questions the Triune God has not chosen to answer in His revelation in Scripture, we should stand amazed at the motivation that brought the eternal Son into human flesh: His tremendous love for us!<ref>James R. White, The Forgotten Trinity (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 1998), 153–161.</ref>

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